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<title>Clascal</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Clascal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">Imperative</a>, <a href="Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured</a>, <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Wirth</a> <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developers</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a href="Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple Computer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">1983<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Type_system" title="Type system">Static and dynamic</a> (dynamic typing through variants, <i>array of const</i>, and <a href="Run-time_type_information" title="Run-time type information">RTTI</a>), <a href="Type_system#Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Type system">strong</a>, <a href="Type_system#Safely_and_unsafely_typed_systems" title="Type system">safe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Scope_(computer_science)" title="Scope (computer science)">Scope</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Scope_(computer_science)" title="Scope (computer science)">Lexical</a> (static)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Motorola_68000_series" title="Motorola 68000 series">Motorola 68000 series</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, <a href="Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a>, <a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Clascal</b> is an <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> language (and associated discontinued <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) developed in 1983 by the <i>Personal Office Systems</i> (POS) division (later renamed <i>The Lisa Division</i>, then later <i>The 32-Bit Systems Division</i>) of <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a>. Clascal was used to program applications for the <i>Lisa Office System</i>, the operating environment of the <a href="Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a>.

</p><p>Developed as an extension of <a href="Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, which in turn harked back to the <a href="UCSD_Pascal" title="UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal</a> model originally implemented on the <a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, the language was strongly influenced by the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (<a href="PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">PARC</a>) release of <a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>-80, v1 (which had been formerly ported to the Lisa), and by <a href="Modula" title="Modula">Modula</a>. According to <a href="Larry_Tesler" title="Larry Tesler">Larry Tesler</a>, Clascal was developed as a replacement for Apple's version of <a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>, which was "too slow" and because the experience offered by the Smalltalk syntax was too unfamiliar for most people.<sup id="cite_ref-byte1984_12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte1984_12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Clascal was the basis for <a href="Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a> on the Apple <a href="Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-byte1986_08_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte1986_08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the demise of the Lisa in 1986, Pascal and Object Pascal continued to be used in the <a href="Macintosh_Programmer's_Workshop" title="Macintosh Programmer's Workshop">Macintosh Programmer's Workshop</a> for systems and application development<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for several more years, until it was finally supplanted by the languages <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>. The <a href="MacApp" title="MacApp">MacApp</a> application framework was based on <i>Toolkit</i> originally written in Clascal.<sup id="cite_ref-byte1984_12_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte1984_12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Object Pascal, in turn, served as the basis for <a href="Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a>'s <a href="Delphi_(software)" title="Delphi (software)">Delphi</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCásseres1983" class="citation web cs1">Cásseres, David (March 9, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitsavers.org/pdf/apple/lisa/toolkit_university/Clascal_Reference_Manual_Mar83.pdf">"Clascal reference manual for the Lisa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.freepascal.org/Clascal">"Clascal - Free Pascal wiki"</a>. <i>wiki.freepascal.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-byte1984_12-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byte1984_12_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byte1984_12_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1984" class="citation magazine cs1">Williams, Gregg (December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1984-12-rescan/page/n136/mode/1up">"Software Frameworks"</a>. <i><a href="Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. Vol. 9, no. 13. pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>127, <span class="nowrap">394–</span>410.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-byte1986_08-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byte1986_08_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchmucker1986" class="citation magazine cs1">Schmucker, Kurt J. (August 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1986-08/page/n208/mode/1up">"Object-Oriented Languages for the Macintosh"</a>. <i><a href="Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. Vol. 11, no. 8. pp. <span class="nowrap">177–</span>185.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLoeb1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Loeb, Laurence H. (December 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BYTE-1988-12/page/n353/mode/1up">"Program Extenders"</a>. <i><a href="Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. Vol. 13, no. 13. pp. MAC 53-MAC 60.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFKeohan1984" class="citation book cs1">Keohan, Susan (July 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitsavers.org/pdf/apple/lisa/toolkit_3.0/Package_2_Examples/02_An_Introduction_To_Clascal_Jul84.pdf"><i>An Introduction to Clascal</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lisa Division, Apple Computer.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Pascal_programming_language_family576" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal programming language</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language#Dialects,_flavors_and_implementations" title="Programming language">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Pascal_Script" title="Pascal Script">Pascal Script</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li>

<li><a href="Concurrent_Pascal" title="Concurrent Pascal">Concurrent Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Joyce_(programming_language)" title="Joyce (programming language)">Joyce</a></li>

<li><a href="SuperPascal" title="SuperPascal">SuperPascal</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">Compilers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Delphi_(software)" title="Delphi (software)">Delphi</a> (<a href="History_of_Delphi_(software)" title="History of Delphi (software)">history</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li>

<li><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)#Compilers_and_interpreters" title="Pascal (programming language)">VSI Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="IP_Pascal" title="IP Pascal">IP Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Pascal" title="Free Pascal">Free Pascal</a> (<a href="Lazarus_(software)" title="Lazarus (software)">Lazarus</a>)</li>

<li><a href="PascalABC.NET" title="PascalABC.NET">PascalABC.NET</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU_Pascal" title="GNU Pascal">GNU Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo51" title="Turbo51">Turbo51</a></li>

<li><a href="Pic_Micro_Pascal" title="Pic Micro Pascal">Pic Micro Pascal</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Virtual_Pascal" title="Virtual Pascal">Virtual Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Pascal" title="Apple Pascal">Apple Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Borland_Kylix" title="Borland Kylix">Borland Kylix</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Pascal" title="Microsoft Pascal">Microsoft Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="UCSD_Pascal" title="UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="JRT_Pascal" title="JRT Pascal">JRT Pascal</a></li>

<li><a href="Pascal/MT%2B" title="Pascal/MT+">Pascal/MT+</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="FireMonkey" title="FireMonkey">FireMonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_Windows_Library" title="Object Windows Library">Object Windows Library</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenWire_(library)" title="OpenWire (library)">OpenWire</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo_Vision" title="Turbo Vision">Turbo Vision</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_Component_Library" title="Visual Component Library">Visual Component Library</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">Microcomputer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pascal_MicroEngine" title="Pascal MicroEngine">Pascal MicroEngine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparisons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_Pascal_and_C" title="Comparison of Pascal and C">Pascal and C</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Pascal_and_Delphi" title="Comparison of Pascal and Delphi">Pascal and Delphi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Generic_programming#Genericity_in_Pascal" title="Generic programming">Genericity</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><span class="nobold">Related to</span></dt>

<dd><a href="ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> (1958)</dd>

<dd><a href="Modula-2" title="Modula-2">Modula-2</a> (1977)</dd>

<dd><a href="Oberon_(programming_language)" title="Oberon (programming language)">Oberon</a> (1986)</dd>

<dd><a href="Modula-3" title="Modula-3">Modula-3</a> (1988)</dd>

<dd><a href="Oberon-2" title="Oberon-2">Oberon-2</a> (1991)</dd>

<dd><a href="Component_Pascal" title="Component Pascal">Component Pascal</a> (1991)</dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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